What is/are the source(s) (or driving factors) of globalization in the Industrial age?

What is/are the source(s) (or driving factors) of globalization in the Industrial age? (Give examples/evidence from the text). What was the relationship between technological advance and this phase of globalization? How was this different from earlier phases of globalization? How was geography important in this phase of globalization (and how was that different from earlier phases)? What advances in economics or the organization of economic society happened because of or during this phase of globalization? (Think in particular about forms of government and colonization/empire building in this period). ~~~ Sachs, J. D. (2020). The Ages of Globalization: Geography, Technology, and Institutions (Illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press.

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